Bulgaria
On Thursday last week Bulgaria formally adopted the Euro and for 6 months both EUR and the Lev will be legal tender in Bulgaria. In practice, Bulgaria already moved to the EUR in January 2025 when last week’s adoption was approved. Bulgaria, a country with 6.8 million people, is one of the EU’s poorest countries and becomes the 21st member of the Eurozone. There are still 6 EU members whose currencies are not part of the Eurozone: Poland’s Zloty; Denmark’s Krone; Hungary’s Forint; Romania’s Leu; Sweden’s Krona and the Czech Republic’s Koruna. There are some in Bulgaria that fear the loss of their sovereignty and also the likely uptick in inflation that will inevitably accompany the adoption of the EUR, but overall Bulgaria has been pushing to join the EUR since 2007 so joining the Eurozone is broadly welcomed by its citizens.
EUR/USD 1.1744.
Warren Buffet
In search of the magic dust that accounted for the phenomenal success that is WB, a study has been made of the early investor letters that he wrote for Berkshire Hathaway investors that formed the bedrock of that incredible success. Sadly, while almost impossible to challenge, the 5 basic tenets are hardly revolutionary: markets are impossible to forecast; a long term view is crucial; the market is tough to beat; good investment ideas are rare; lastly, be realistic about your strengths. No-one will deny WB his 70 year record, but those pearls of homespun common sense are ironic in the extreme in that year in year out the financial services industry attempts to challenge and debunk all of those WB tenets.
EUR/JPY 184.00.